Jesus and His disciples travel to Caesarea Philippi in the northern region of Galilee, far from Jerusalem and the religious authorities. This journey follows Jesus' recent confrontations with the Pharisees and Sadducees who demanded a sign from heaven, which He refused except to mention the sign of Jonah. Jesus has just warned His disciples about the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees, referring to their teaching and hypocrisy. The disciples initially misunderstood this warning, thinking Jesus spoke about literal bread, but He clarified His meaning. Now in this remote area near Mount Hermon, Jesus prepares to reveal crucial truths about His identity and mission to His closest followers, marking a pivotal transition in His ministry as He begins focusing more intensely on preparing the twelve for what lies ahead in Jerusalem.
[13] When Jesus came into the region of Caesarea Philippi, He asked His disciples, saying, “Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am?”
[14] So they said, “Some say John the Baptist, some Elijah, and others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”
[15] He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?”
[16] Simon Peter answered and said, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”
[17] Jesus answered and said to him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in heaven. [18] And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. [19] And I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.”
[20] Then He commanded His disciples that they should tell no one that He was Jesus the Christ.
[21] From that time Jesus began to show to His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised the third day.
[22] Then Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him, saying, “Far be it from You, Lord; this shall not happen to You!”
[23] But He turned and said to Peter, “Get behind Me, Satan! You are an offense to Me, for you are not mindful of the things of God, but the things of men.”
[24] Then Jesus said to His disciples, “If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me. [25] For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it. [26] For what profit is it to a man if he gains the whole world, and loses his own soul? Or what will a man give in exchange for his soul? [27] For the Son of Man will come in the glory of His Father with His angels, and then He will reward each according to his works. [28] “Assuredly, I say to you, there are some standing here who shall not taste death till they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.”
[1] Now after six days Jesus took Peter, James, and John his brother, led them up on a high mountain by themselves; [2] and He was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and His clothes became as white as the light. [3] And behold, Moses and Elijah appeared to them, talking with Him. [4] Then Peter answered and said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good for us to be here; if You wish, let us make here three tabernacles: one for You, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.”
[5] While he was still speaking, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them; and suddenly a voice came out of the cloud, saying, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Hear Him!” [6] And when the disciples heard it, they fell on their faces and were greatly afraid. [7] But Jesus came and touched them and said, “Arise, and do not be afraid.” [8] When they had lifted up their eyes, they saw no one but Jesus only.
[9] Now as they came down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, saying, “Tell the vision to no one until the Son of Man is risen from the dead.”
[10] And His disciples asked Him, saying, “Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?”
[11] Jesus answered and said to them, “Indeed, Elijah is coming first and will restore all things. [12] But I say to you that Elijah has come already, and they did not know him but did to him whatever they wished. Likewise the Son of Man is also about to suffer at their hands.” [13] Then the disciples understood that He spoke to them of John the Baptist.
Jesus and His disciples travel to the villages near Caesarea Philippi in the northern region of Galilee, following a period of ministry that included feeding four thousand people, confronting Pharisees who demanded a sign, and warning His disciples about the leaven of the Pharisees and Herod. The disciples had recently witnessed Jesus heal a blind man at Bethsaida through a two-stage miracle. Throughout this journey, Jesus has been teaching His disciples privately while also performing miracles that demonstrate His divine authority. The religious leaders continue to oppose Him, and public opinion about His identity varies widely among the people. Jesus now begins to prepare His disciples for the crucial events that lie ahead in Jerusalem.
[27] Now Jesus and His disciples went out to the towns of Caesarea Philippi; and on the road He asked His disciples, saying to them, “Who do men say that I am?”
[28] So they answered, “John the Baptist; but some say, Elijah; and others, one of the prophets.”
[29] He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?”
Peter answered and said to Him, “You are the Christ.”
[30] Then He strictly warned them that they should tell no one about Him.
[31] And He began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things, and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise again. [32] He spoke this word openly. Then Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him. [33] But when He had turned around and looked at His disciples, He rebuked Peter, saying, “Get behind Me, Satan! For you are not mindful of the things of God, but the things of men.”
[34] When He had called the people to Himself, with His disciples also, He said to them, “Whoever desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me. [35] For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake and the gospel’s will save it. [36] For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world, and loses his own soul? [37] Or what will a man give in exchange for his soul? [38] For whoever is ashamed of Me and My words in this adulterous and sinful generation, of him the Son of Man also will be ashamed when He comes in the glory of His Father with the holy angels.”
[1] And He said to them, “Assuredly, I say to you that there are some standing here who will not taste death till they see the kingdom of God present with power.”
[2] Now after six days Jesus took Peter, James, and John, and led them up on a high mountain apart by themselves; and He was transfigured before them. [3] His clothes became shining, exceedingly white, like snow, such as no launderer on earth can whiten them. [4] And Elijah appeared to them with Moses, and they were talking with Jesus. [5] Then Peter answered and said to Jesus, “Rabbi, it is good for us to be here; and let us make three tabernacles: one for You, one for Moses, and one for Elijah”— [6] because he did not know what to say, for they were greatly afraid.
[7] And a cloud came and overshadowed them; and a voice came out of the cloud, saying, “This is My beloved Son. Hear Him!” [8] Suddenly, when they had looked around, they saw no one anymore, but only Jesus with themselves.
[9] Now as they came down from the mountain, He commanded them that they should tell no one the things they had seen, till the Son of Man had risen from the dead. [10] So they kept this word to themselves, questioning what the rising from the dead meant.
[11] And they asked Him, saying, “Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?”
[12] Then He answered and told them, “Indeed, Elijah is coming first and restores all things. And how is it written concerning the Son of Man, that He must suffer many things and be treated with contempt? [13] But I say to you that Elijah has also come, and they did to him whatever they wished, as it is written of him.”
Large crowds were traveling with Jesus as he journeyed toward Jerusalem, where he had previously set his face to go despite knowing the suffering that awaited him there. Along the way, he had been teaching in synagogues, healing people, and dining with various hosts including Pharisees who watched him closely. During a Sabbath meal at a prominent Pharisee's house, Jesus had just finished teaching about humility, proper conduct at feasts, and the parable of the great banquet where invited guests made excuses and refused to come, prompting the master to invite the poor, crippled, blind, and lame instead. Jesus is addressing the large crowds following him, and later speaks to the Pharisees and scribes who were criticizing him.
[25] Now great multitudes went with Him. And He turned and said to them, [26] “If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple. [27] And whoever does not bear his cross and come after Me cannot be My disciple. [28] For which of you, intending to build a tower, does not sit down first and count the cost, whether he has enough to finish it — [29] lest, after he has laid the foundation, and is not able to finish, all who see it begin to mock him, [30] saying, ‘This man began to build and was not able to finish’? [31] Or what king, going to make war against another king, does not sit down first and consider whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him who comes against him with twenty thousand? [32] Or else, while the other is still a great way off, he sends a delegation and asks conditions of peace. [33] So likewise, whoever of you does not forsake all that he has cannot be My disciple.
[34] “Salt is good; but if the salt has lost its flavor, how shall it be seasoned? [35] It is neither fit for the land nor for the dunghill, but men throw it out. He who has ears to hear, let him hear!”
[1] Then all the tax collectors and the sinners drew near to Him to hear Him. [2] And the Pharisees and scribes complained, saying, “This Man receives sinners and eats with them.” [3] So He spoke this parable to them, saying:
[4] “What man of you, having a hundred sheep, if he loses one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the wilderness, and go after the one which is lost until he finds it? [5] And when he has found it, he lays it on his shoulders, rejoicing. [6] And when he comes home, he calls together his friends and neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost!’ [7] I say to you that likewise there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine just persons who need no repentance.
[8] “Or what woman, having ten silver coins, if she loses one coin, does not light a lamp, sweep the house, and search carefully until she finds it? [9] And when she has found it, she calls her friends and neighbors together, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found the piece which I lost!’ [10] Likewise, I say to you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner who repents.”
[11] Then He said: “A certain man had two sons. [12] And the younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me the portion of goods that falls to me. ’ So he divided to them his livelihood. [13] And not many days after, the younger son gathered all together, journeyed to a far country, and there wasted his possessions with prodigal living. [14] But when he had spent all, there arose a severe famine in that land, and he began to be in want. [15] Then he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country, and he sent him into his fields to feed swine. [16] And he would gladly have filled his stomach with the pods that the swine ate, and no one gave him anything.
[17] “But when he came to himself, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired servants have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger! [18] I will arise and go to my father, and will say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you, [19] and I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Make me like one of your hired servants.” ’
[20] “And he arose and came to his father. But when he was still a great way off, his father saw him and had compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him. [21] And the son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and in your sight, and am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
[22] “But the father said to his servants, ‘Bring out the best robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet. [23] And bring the fatted calf here and kill it, and let us eat and be merry; [24] for this my son was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.’ And they began to be merry.
[25] “Now his older son was in the field. And as he came and drew near to the house, he heard music and dancing. [26] So he called one of the servants and asked what these things meant. [27] And he said to him, ‘Your brother has come, and because he has received him safe and sound, your father has killed the fatted calf.’
[28] “But he was angry and would not go in. Therefore his father came out and pleaded with him. [29] So he answered and said to his father, ‘Lo, these many years I have been serving you; I never transgressed your commandment at any time; and yet you never gave me a young goat, that I might make merry with my friends. [30] But as soon as this son of yours came, who has devoured your livelihood with harlots, you killed the fatted calf for him.’
[31] “And he said to him, ‘Son, you are always with me, and all that I have is yours. [32] It was right that we should make merry and be glad, for your brother was dead and is alive again, and was lost and is found.’ ”
Paul has completed his third missionary journey through Macedonia and Greece and is now traveling back to Jerusalem, deliberately bypassing Ephesus to save time because he hopes to reach Jerusalem by Pentecost. However, he stops at Miletus, a coastal city about thirty miles south of Ephesus, and sends word to the Ephesian church elders to meet him there. Paul had previously spent approximately three years ministering in Ephesus, establishing a strong church and teaching both publicly and from house to house. During his time there, he worked as a tentmaker to support himself while preaching the gospel throughout Asia Minor. Now, knowing he faces imprisonment and hardships in Jerusalem as revealed by the Holy Spirit, Paul summons these leaders for what he anticipates will be a final farewell meeting. Paul is addressing the elders of the church at Ephesus.
[17] From Miletus he sent to Ephesus and called for the elders of the church. [18] And when they had come to him, he said to them: “You know, from the first day that I came to Asia, in what manner I always lived among you, [19] serving the Lord with all humility, with many tears and trials which happened to me by the plotting of the Jews; [20] how I kept back nothing that was helpful, but proclaimed it to you, and taught you publicly and from house to house, [21] testifying to Jews, and also to Greeks, repentance toward God and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ. [22] And see, now I go bound in the spirit to Jerusalem, not knowing the things that will happen to me there, [23] except that the Holy Spirit testifies in every city, saying that chains and tribulations await me. [24] But none of these things move me; nor do I count my life dear to myself, so that I may finish my race with joy, and the ministry which I received from the Lord Jesus, to testify to the gospel of the grace of God.
[25] “And indeed, now I know that you all, among whom I have gone preaching the kingdom of God, will see my face no more. [26] Therefore I testify to you this day that I am innocent of the blood of all men. [27] For I have not shunned to declare to you the whole counsel of God. [28] Therefore take heed to yourselves and to all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood. [29] For I know this, that after my departure savage wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock. [30] Also from among yourselves men will rise up, speaking perverse things, to draw away the disciples after themselves. [31] Therefore watch, and remember that for three years I did not cease to warn everyone night and day with tears.
[32] “So now, brethren, I commend you to God and to the word of His grace, which is able to build you up and give you an inheritance among all those who are sanctified. [33] I have coveted no one’s silver or gold or apparel. [34] Yes, you yourselves know that these hands have provided for my necessities, and for those who were with me. [35] I have shown you in every way, by laboring like this, that you must support the weak. And remember the words of the Lord Jesus, that He said, ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’ ”
[36] And when he had said these things, he knelt down and prayed with them all. [37] Then they all wept freely, and fell on Paul’s neck and kissed him, [38] sorrowing most of all for the words which he spoke, that they would see his face no more. And they accompanied him to the ship.
John has just explained that believers are now children of God, though what they will ultimately become has not yet been fully revealed. He emphasizes the transformative hope Christians possess, rooted in their identity as God's children and the promise of Christ's return. The apostle has been contrasting the nature of God's children with the world's inability to recognize them, establishing the foundation for understanding Christian identity and future glorification. John is addressing believers in the early church who are navigating their faith amid false teachings and worldly influences.
[2] Beloved, now we are children of God; and it has not yet been revealed what we shall be, but we know that when He is revealed, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is. [3] And everyone who has this hope in Him purifies himself, just as He is pure.
[4] Whoever commits sin also commits lawlessness, and sin is lawlessness. [5] And you know that He was manifested to take away our sins, and in Him there is no sin. [6] Whoever abides in Him does not sin. Whoever sins has neither seen Him nor known Him.
Jesus has just healed a man born blind, causing controversy among the Pharisees who question the miracle's legitimacy because it occurred on the Sabbath. The formerly blind man boldly testifies to Jesus's divine authority, leading to his expulsion from the synagogue. Jesus then finds the healed man and reveals himself as the Son of Man, prompting the man to worship him. Some Pharisees overhear this exchange and question whether they too are blind. Jesus responds by explaining that their claim to see makes them guilty of sin, then transitions into teaching about true and false shepherds, contrasting himself as the good shepherd with thieves and hired hands who harm the sheep. Jesus is addressing the Pharisees and other listeners present after the healing incident.
[39] And Jesus said, “For judgment I have come into this world, that those who do not see may see, and that those who see may be made blind.”
[40] Then some of the Pharisees who were with Him heard these words, and said to Him, “Are we blind also?”
[41] Jesus said to them, “If you were blind, you would have no sin; but now you say, ‘We see.’ Therefore your sin remains.
[1] “Most assuredly, I say to you, he who does not enter the sheepfold by the door, but climbs up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber. [2] But he who enters by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. [3] To him the doorkeeper opens, and the sheep hear his voice; and he calls his own sheep by name and leads them out. [4] And when he brings out his own sheep, he goes before them; and the sheep follow him, for they know his voice. [5] Yet they will by no means follow a stranger, but will flee from him, for they do not know the voice of strangers.” [6] Jesus used this illustration, but they did not understand the things which He spoke to them.
[7] Then Jesus said to them again, “Most assuredly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep. [8] All who ever came before Me are thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not hear them. [9] I am the door. If anyone enters by Me, he will be saved, and will go in and out and find pasture. [10] The thief does not come except to steal, and to kill, and to destroy. I have come that they may have life, and that they may have it more abundantly.
Roman soldiers have crucified Jesus at Golgotha alongside two criminals, following his trial before Pilate and brutal scourging. They divided his garments by casting lots and placed an inscription above his head reading "This is Jesus the King of the Jews." Religious leaders, passersby, and even the crucified criminals mock Jesus, challenging him to save himself and come down from the cross if he is truly the Son of God. Darkness covers the land from noon until three o'clock in the afternoon as Jesus hangs on the cross.
[36] Sitting down, they kept watch over Him there. [37] And they put up over His head the accusation written against Him:
THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
[38] Then two robbers were crucified with Him, one on the right and another on the left.
[39] And those who passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads [40] and saying, “You who destroy the temple and build it in three days, save Yourself! If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross.”
[41] Likewise the chief priests also, mocking with the scribes and elders, said, [42] “He saved others; Himself He cannot save. If He is the King of Israel, let Him now come down from the cross, and we will believe Him. [43] He trusted in God; let Him deliver Him now if He will have Him; for He said, ‘I am the Son of God.’ ”
[44] Even the robbers who were crucified with Him reviled Him with the same thing.
[45] Now from the sixth hour until the ninth hour there was darkness over all the land. [46] And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?” that is, “My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?”
[47] Some of those who stood there, when they heard that, said, “This Man is calling for Elijah!” [48] Immediately one of them ran and took a sponge, filled it with sour wine and put it on a reed, and offered it to Him to drink.
[49] The rest said, “Let Him alone; let us see if Elijah will come to save Him.”
[50] And Jesus cried out again with a loud voice, and yielded up His spirit.