Jesus returns to Nazareth, his hometown, after performing numerous miracles throughout Galilee, including healing a woman with chronic bleeding and raising Jairus's daughter from the dead. His reputation as a powerful teacher and miracle worker has spread widely throughout the region. Despite his growing fame elsewhere, Jesus chooses to visit the place where he grew up, accompanied by his disciples. The people of Nazareth have known Jesus since childhood, familiar with his family and his years working as a carpenter among them. This homecoming occurs during his Galilean ministry, a period marked by extensive teaching, healing, and growing crowds following him from various towns and villages.
[1] Then He went out from there and came to His own country, and His disciples followed Him. [2] And when the Sabbath had come, He began to teach in the synagogue. And many hearing Him were astonished, saying, “Where did this Man get these things? And what wisdom is this which is given to Him, that such mighty works are performed by His hands! [3] Is this not the carpenter, the Son of Mary, and brother of James, Joses, Judas, and Simon? And are not His sisters here with us?” So they were offended at Him.
[4] But Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor except in his own country, among his own relatives, and in his own house.” [5] Now He could do no mighty work there, except that He laid His hands on a few sick people and healed them. [6] And He marveled because of their unbelief. Then He went about the villages in a circuit, teaching.
After Paul and Barnabas complete their first missionary journey, they return to Antioch in Syria, where they report to the church about God opening the door of faith to the Gentiles. They remain there for a considerable time, teaching and ministering to the believers. The church in Antioch has become a thriving center of Christian activity, with both Jewish and Gentile converts worshiping together. This mixed congregation represents a significant development in the early church's expansion beyond its Jewish roots. However, the question of how Gentile believers should relate to Jewish law and customs has not been formally addressed by the church leadership, creating potential for conflict as the number of Gentile converts continues to grow throughout various regions where Paul and Barnabas have established churches.
[1] And certain men came down from Judea and taught the brethren, “Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved.” [2] Therefore, when Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and dispute with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas and certain others of them should go up to Jerusalem, to the apostles and elders, about this question.
[3] So, being sent on their way by the church, they passed through Phoenicia and Samaria, describing the conversion of the Gentiles; and they caused great joy to all the brethren. [4] And when they had come to Jerusalem, they were received by the church and the apostles and the elders; and they reported all things that God had done with them. [5] But some of the sect of the Pharisees who believed rose up, saying, “It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.”
[6] Now the apostles and elders came together to consider this matter. [7] And when there had been much dispute, Peter rose up and said to them: “Men and brethren, you know that a good while ago God chose among us, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel and believe. [8] So God, who knows the heart, acknowledged them by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as He did to us, [9] and made no distinction between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. [10] Now therefore, why do you test God by putting a yoke on the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? [11] But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved in the same manner as they.”
[12] Then all the multitude kept silent and listened to Barnabas and Paul declaring how many miracles and wonders God had worked through them among the Gentiles. [13] And after they had become silent, James answered, saying, “Men and brethren, listen to me: [14] Simon has declared how God at the first visited the Gentiles to take out of them a people for His name. [15] And with this the words of the prophets agree, just as it is written:
[16] ‘Afterthis I will return
And will rebuild the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down;
I will rebuild its ruins,
And I will set it up;
[17] So that the rest of mankind may seek the Lord,
Even all the Gentiles who are called by My name,
Says the Lord who does all these things.’
[18] “Known to God from eternity are all His works. [19] Therefore I judge that we should not trouble those from among the Gentiles who are turning to God, [20] but that we write to them to abstain from things polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from things strangled, and from blood. [21] For Moses has had throughout many generations those who preach him in every city, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath.”
[22] Then it pleased the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas, namely, Judas who was also named Barsabas, and Silas, leading men among the brethren.
[23] They wrote this letter by them:
The apostles, the elders, and the brethren,
To the brethren who are of the Gentiles in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia:
Greetings.
[24] Since we have heard that some who went out from us have troubled you with words, unsettling your souls, saying, “You must be circumcised and keep the law” —to whom we gave no such commandment— [25] it seemed good to us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, [26] men who have risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. [27] We have therefore sent Judas and Silas, who will also report the same things by word of mouth. [28] For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things: [29] that you abstain from things offered to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well.
Farewell.
Peter has been warning about false teachers who will arise among believers, describing their destructive heresies and denial of Christ. He explains that God knows how to rescue the godly from trials while keeping the unrighteous under punishment until judgment day, particularly those who follow corrupt desires and despise authority. Peter characterizes these false teachers as bold, arrogant individuals who are not afraid to slander celestial beings, contrasting them with angels who, though greater in strength, do not bring slanderous accusations before the Lord. He emphasizes that these false teachers are like irrational animals, creatures of instinct born to be caught and destroyed, speaking evil of things they do not understand.
[9] then the Lord knows how to deliver the godly out of temptations and to reserve the unjust under punishment for the day of judgment, [10] and especially those who walk according to the flesh in the lust of uncleanness and despise authority. They are presumptuous, self-willed. They are not afraid to speak evil of dignitaries, [11] whereas angels, who are greater in power and might, do not bring a reviling accusation against them before the Lord.
[12] But these, like natural brute beasts made to be caught and destroyed, speak evil of the things they do not understand, and will utterly perish in their own corruption, [13] and will receive the wages of unrighteousness, as those who count it pleasure to carouse in the daytime. They are spots and blemishes, carousing in their own deceptions while they feast with you, [14] having eyes full of adultery and that cannot cease from sin, enticing unstable souls. They have a heart trained in covetous practices, and are accursed children. [15] They have forsaken the right way and gone astray, following the way of Balaam the son of Beor, who loved the wages of unrighteousness; [16] but he was rebuked for his iniquity: a dumb donkey speaking with a man’s voice restrained the madness of the prophet.
[17] These are wells without water, clouds carried by a tempest, for whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever.
[18] For when they speak great swelling words of emptiness, they allure through the lusts of the flesh, through lewdness, the ones who have actually escaped from those who live in error. [19] While they promise them liberty, they themselves are slaves of corruption; for by whom a person is overcome, by him also he is brought into bondage. [20] For if, after they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in them and overcome, the latter end is worse for them than the beginning. [21] For it would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than having known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered to them. [22] But it has happened to them according to the true proverb: “A dog returns to his own vomit,” and, “a sow, having washed, to her wallowing in the mire.”
On this day, Jesus leaves a house and sits by the Sea of Galilee, where large crowds gather around him. He gets into a boat and sits while the multitude stands on the shore. Jesus then teaches them many things using parables, beginning with the parable of the sower who scatters seed on different types of ground. When his disciples approach him privately, they ask why he speaks to the people in parables. Jesus explains that while the disciples are given knowledge of the kingdom's mysteries, others receive teaching in parables because they see but do not perceive, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy about people whose hearts have grown dull. Jesus then privately explains the parable of the sower to his disciples, detailing how the seed represents the word of the kingdom and the different soils represent various responses to it. Jesus is addressing the crowds and later his disciples specifically.
[1] On the same day Jesus went out of the house and sat by the sea. [2] And great multitudes were gathered together to Him, so that He got into a boat and sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore.
[3] Then He spoke many things to them in parables, saying: “Behold, a sower went out to sow. [4] And as he sowed, some seed fell by the wayside; and the birds came and devoured them. [5] Some fell on stony places, where they did not have much earth; and they immediately sprang up because they had no depth of earth. [6] But when the sun was up they were scorched, and because they had no root they withered away. [7] And some fell among thorns, and the thorns sprang up and choked them. [8] But others fell on good ground and yielded a crop: some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty. [9] He who has ears to hear, let him hear!”
[10] And the disciples came and said to Him, “Why do You speak to them in parables?”
[11] He answered and said to them, “Because it has been given to you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given. [12] For whoever has, to him more will be given, and he will have abundance; but whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. [13] Therefore I speak to them in parables, because seeing they do not see, and hearing they do not hear, nor do they understand. [14] And in them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, which says:
‘Hearing you will hear and shall not understand,
And seeing you will see and not perceive;
[15] For the hearts of this people have grown dull.
Their ears are hard of hearing,
And their eyes they have closed,
Lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears,
Lest they should understand with their hearts and turn,
So that I should heal them.’
[16] But blessed are your eyes for they see, and your ears for they hear; [17] for assuredly, I say to you that many prophets and righteous men desired to see what you see, and did not see it, and to hear what you hear, and did not hear it.
[18] “Therefore hear the parable of the sower: [19] When anyone hears the word of the kingdom, and does not understand it, then the wicked one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is he who received seed by the wayside. [20] But he who received the seed on stony places, this is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy; [21] yet he has no root in himself, but endures only for a while. For when tribulation or persecution arises because of the word, immediately he stumbles. [22] Now he who received seed among the thorns is he who hears the word, and the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful. [23] But he who received seed on the good ground is he who hears the word and understands it, who indeed bears fruit and produces: some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty.”
A lawyer approaches Jesus to test him by asking what he must do to inherit eternal life. Jesus has recently sent out seventy-two disciples who returned rejoicing over their authority to cast out demons, prompting Jesus to praise the Father for revealing divine truths to the humble rather than the wise. He then privately told his disciples they were blessed to witness what prophets and kings longed to see. This questioning by the lawyer occurs as Jesus continues his journey toward Jerusalem, teaching crowds and religious leaders along the way. The lawyer is addressing Jesus, seeking to challenge his teaching authority.
[25] And behold, a certain lawyer stood up and tested Him, saying, “Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?”
[26] He said to him, “What is written in the law? What is your reading of it? ”
[27] So he answered and said, “ ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind,’ and ‘your neighbor as yourself.’ ”
[28] And He said to him, “You have answered rightly; do this and you will live.”
[29] But he, wanting to justify himself, said to Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?”
[30] Then Jesus answered and said: “A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, who stripped him of his clothing, wounded him, and departed, leaving him half dead. [31] Now by chance a certain priest came down that road. And when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. [32] Likewise a Levite, when he arrived at the place, came and looked, and passed by on the other side. [33] But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was. And when he saw him, he had compassion. [34] So he went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine; and he set him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. [35] On the next day, when he departed, he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said to him, ‘Take care of him; and whatever more you spend, when I come again, I will repay you.’ [36] So which of these three do you think was neighbor to him who fell among the thieves?”
[37] And he said, “He who showed mercy on him.”
Then Jesus said to him, “Go and do likewise.”
[38] Now it happened as they went that He entered a certain village; and a certain woman named Martha welcomed Him into her house. [39] And she had a sister called Mary, who also sat at Jesus’ feet and heard His word. [40] But Martha was distracted with much serving, and she approached Him and said, “Lord, do You not care that my sister has left me to serve alone? Therefore tell her to help me.”
[41] And Jesus answered and said to her, “Martha, Martha, you are worried and troubled about many things. [42] But one thing is needed, and Mary has chosen that good part, which will not be taken away from her.”
The day before, Jesus fed over five thousand people with five barley loaves and two fish on a mountainside near the Sea of Galilee. After dismissing the crowd, Jesus sent his disciples across the sea by boat while he withdrew alone to pray. During the night, the disciples encountered strong winds, and Jesus walked on the water to reach them, causing amazement when he entered their boat. The crowd that had been fed remained on the opposite shore, searching for Jesus the next morning. When they discovered he had crossed to Capernaum without taking the boat, they followed him there by other vessels. Upon finding Jesus in Capernaum, the crowd questions how he arrived. Jesus is addressing the crowd that had been miraculously fed the previous day.
[22] On the following day, when the people who were standing on the other side of the sea saw that there was no other boat there, except that one which His disciples had entered, and that Jesus had not entered the boat with His disciples, but His disciples had gone away alone— [23] however, other boats came from Tiberias, near the place where they ate bread after the Lord had given thanks— [24] when the people therefore saw that Jesus was not there, nor His disciples, they also got into boats and came to Capernaum, seeking Jesus. [25] And when they found Him on the other side of the sea, they said to Him, “Rabbi, when did You come here?”
[26] Jesus answered them and said, “Most assuredly, I say to you, you seek Me, not because you saw the signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled. [27] Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him.”
[28] Then they said to Him, “What shall we do, that we may work the works of God?”
[29] Jesus answered and said to them, “This is the work of God, that you believe in Him whom He sent.”
[30] Therefore they said to Him, “What sign will You perform then, that we may see it and believe You? What work will You do? [31] Our fathers ate the manna in the desert; as it is written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’ ”
[32] Then Jesus said to them, “Most assuredly, I say to you, Moses did not give you the bread from heaven, but My Father gives you the true bread from heaven. [33] For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.”
[34] Then they said to Him, “Lord, give us this bread always.”
[35] And Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life. He who comes to Me shall never hunger, and he who believes in Me shall never thirst. [36] But I said to you that you have seen Me and yet do not believe. [37] All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will by no means cast out. [38] For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.