Jewish religious leaders are closely monitoring Jesus's activities, looking for reasons to accuse him of breaking their interpretation of the law. Jesus has been teaching with unprecedented authority, performing miracles, calling disciples, and attracting large crowds throughout Galilee. The Pharisees and teachers of the law have already begun questioning his practices, particularly regarding his association with tax collectors and sinners, and his disciples' failure to fast like John's disciples and the Pharisees do. Tensions are mounting as Jesus's ministry challenges established religious traditions and interpretations. The religious authorities are becoming increasingly concerned about his growing influence and his apparent disregard for their strict applications of Sabbath regulations and other ceremonial laws.
[1] Now it happened on the second Sabbath after the first that He went through the grainfields. And His disciples plucked the heads of grain and ate them, rubbing them in their hands. [2] And some of the Pharisees said to them, “Why are you doing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?”
[3] But Jesus answering them said, “Have you not even read this, what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him: [4] how he went into the house of God, took and ate the showbread, and also gave some to those with him, which is not lawful for any but the priests to eat?” [5] And He said to them, “The Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath.”
[6] Now it happened on another Sabbath, also, that He entered the synagogue and taught. And a man was there whose right hand was withered. [7] So the scribes and Pharisees watched Him closely, whether He would heal on the Sabbath, that they might find an accusation against Him. [8] But He knew their thoughts, and said to the man who had the withered hand, “Arise and stand here.” And he arose and stood. [9] Then Jesus said to them, “I will ask you one thing: Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy?” [10] And when He had looked around at them all, He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he did so, and his hand was restored as whole as the other. [11] But they were filled with rage, and discussed with one another what they might do to Jesus.
Jesus and his disciples were traveling through Galilee, where Jesus had been teaching in synagogues, healing the sick, and calling followers to join him. He had recently returned to Capernaum after an extended preaching tour, where large crowds gathered to hear him teach with authority. The Pharisees had begun scrutinizing Jesus's actions and teachings, particularly questioning his authority to forgive sins and his association with tax collectors and sinners. They had also challenged him about why his disciples did not fast like the disciples of John the Baptist and the Pharisees themselves, to which Jesus responded with parables about new wine and old wineskins, emphasizing the newness of his ministry.
[23] Now it happened that He went through the grainfields on the Sabbath; and as they went His disciples began to pluck the heads of grain. [24] And the Pharisees said to Him, “Look, why do they do what is not lawful on the Sabbath?”
[25] But He said to them, “Have you never read what David did when he was in need and hungry, he and those with him: [26] how he went into the house of God in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and ate the showbread, which is not lawful to eat except for the priests, and also gave some to those who were with him?”
[27] And He said to them, “The Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath. [28] Therefore the Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath.”
[1] And He entered the synagogue again, and a man was there who had a withered hand. [2] So they watched Him closely, whether He would heal him on the Sabbath, so that they might accuse Him. [3] And He said to the man who had the withered hand, “Step forward.” [4] Then He said to them, “Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill?” But they kept silent. [5] And when He had looked around at them with anger, being grieved by the hardness of their hearts, He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he stretched it out, and his hand was restored as whole as the other.
After Jesus performs his first sign by turning water into wine at a wedding in Cana of Galilee, he travels with his mother, brothers, and disciples to Capernaum for a brief stay. Following this, Jesus goes up to Jerusalem for the Jewish Passover feast, where he finds the temple courts filled with merchants selling cattle, sheep, and doves, along with money changers conducting business. This commercial activity in the sacred space provokes Jesus to take action, as the temple was meant to be a house of prayer and worship rather than a marketplace for profit.
[12] After this He went down to Capernaum, He, His mother, His brothers, and His disciples; and they did not stay there many days.
[13] Now the Passover of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. [14] And He found in the temple those who sold oxen and sheep and doves, and the money changers doing business. [15] When He had made a whip of cords, He drove them all out of the temple, with the sheep and the oxen, and poured out the changers’ money and overturned the tables. [16] And He said to those who sold doves, “Take these things away! Do not make My Father’s house a house of merchandise!” [17] Then His disciples remembered that it was written, “Zeal for Your house has eaten Me up.”
[18] So the Jews answered and said to Him, “What sign do You show to us, since You do these things?”
[19] Jesus answered and said to them, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.”
[20] Then the Jews said, “It has taken forty-six years to build this temple, and will You raise it up in three days?”
[21] But He was speaking of the temple of His body. [22] Therefore, when He had risen from the dead, His disciples remembered that He had said this to them; and they believed the Scripture and the word which Jesus had said.
The Sermon on the Mount continues as Jesus addresses His disciples and the gathered crowds on the mountainside. He has been teaching about righteousness that surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, covering topics including anger, adultery, divorce, oaths, retaliation, and love for enemies. He instructed His followers on proper practices of almsgiving, prayer, and fasting, warning against hypocrisy and performing religious acts for public recognition. Jesus taught about storing treasures in heaven rather than on earth, serving God rather than wealth, and trusting the Father's provision instead of being anxious about material needs. He emphasized seeking God's kingdom first and avoiding judgment of others while being discerning about holy things.
[1] “Judge not, that you be not judged. [2] For with what judgment you judge, you will be judged; and with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you. [3] And why do you look at the speck in your brother’s eye, but do not consider the plank in your own eye? [4] Or how can you say to your brother, ‘Let me remove the speck from your eye’; and look, a plank is in your own eye? [5] Hypocrite! First remove the plank from your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.
[6] “Do not give what is holy to the dogs; nor cast your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you in pieces.
[7] “Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. [8] For everyone who asks receives, and he who seeks finds, and to him who knocks it will be opened. [9] Or what man is there among you who, if his son asks for bread, will give him a stone? [10] Or if he asks for a fish, will he give him a serpent? [11] If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father who is in heaven give good things to those who ask Him! [12] Therefore, whatever you want men to do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets.
[13] “Enter by the narrow gate; for wide is the gate and broad is the way that leads to destruction, and there are many who go in by it. [14] Because narrow is the gate and difficult is the way which leads to life, and there are few who find it.
[15] “Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves. [16] You will know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes from thornbushes or figs from thistles? [17] Even so, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. [18] A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit. [19] Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. [20] Therefore by their fruits you will know them.
[21] “Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father in heaven. [22] Many will say to Me in that day, ‘Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in Your name, cast out demons in Your name, and done many wonders in Your name?’ [23] And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness!’
[24] “Therefore whoever hears these sayings of Mine, and does them, I will liken him to a wise man who built his house on the rock: [25] and the rain descended, the floods came, and the winds blew and beat on that house; and it did not fall, for it was founded on the rock.
[26] “But everyone who hears these sayings of Mine, and does not do them, will be like a foolish man who built his house on the sand: [27] and the rain descended, the floods came, and the winds blew and beat on that house; and it fell. And great was its fall.”
[28] And so it was, when Jesus had ended these sayings, that the people were astonished at His teaching, [29] for He taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes.
[1] When He had come down from the mountain, great multitudes followed Him. [2] And behold, a leper came and worshiped Him, saying, “Lord, if You are willing, You can make me clean.”
[3] Then Jesus put out His hand and touched him, saying, “I am willing; be cleansed.” Immediately his leprosy was cleansed.
[4] And Jesus said to him, “See that you tell no one; but go your way, show yourself to the priest, and offer the gift that Moses commanded, as a testimony to them.”
[5] Now when Jesus had entered Capernaum, a centurion came to Him, pleading with Him, [6] saying, “Lord, my servant is lying at home paralyzed, dreadfully tormented.”
[7] And Jesus said to him, “I will come and heal him.”
[8] The centurion answered and said, “Lord, I am not worthy that You should come under my roof. But only speak a word, and my servant will be healed. [9] For I also am a man under authority, having soldiers under me. And I say to this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and to another, ‘Come,’ and he comes; and to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.”
[10] When Jesus heard it, He marveled, and said to those who followed, “Assuredly, I say to you, I have not found such great faith, not even in Israel! [11] And I say to you that many will come from east and west, and sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. [12] But the sons of the kingdom will be cast out into outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” [13] Then Jesus said to the centurion, “Go your way; and as you have believed, so let it be done for you.” And his servant was healed that same hour.
[14] Now when Jesus had come into Peter’s house, He saw his wife’s mother lying sick with a fever. [15] So He touched her hand, and the fever left her. And she arose and served them.
[16] When evening had come, they brought to Him many who were demon-possessed. And He cast out the spirits with a word, and healed all who were sick, [17] that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying:
“He Himself took our infirmities
And bore our sicknesses.”
Saul of Tarsus has emerged as a fierce persecutor of the early church in Jerusalem, breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord. Following the stoning of Stephen, in which Saul played a role by guarding the garments of those who killed him, a great persecution arose that scattered believers throughout Judea and Samaria. The apostles remained in Jerusalem while others fled, yet these scattered disciples continued preaching the gospel wherever they went. Philip the evangelist went to Samaria and later to the Ethiopian eunuch, demonstrating the gospel's expansion beyond Jewish boundaries. Meanwhile, Saul obtained letters from the high priest authorizing him to arrest any followers of the Way in Damascus and bring them bound to Jerusalem for punishment.
[1] Then Saul, still breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest [2] and asked letters from him to the synagogues of Damascus, so that if he found any who were of the Way, whether men or women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem.
[3] As he journeyed he came near Damascus, and suddenly a light shone around him from heaven. [4] Then he fell to the ground, and heard a voice saying to him, “Saul, Saul,why are you persecuting Me?”
[5] And he said, “Who are You, Lord?”
Then the Lord said, “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. It is hard for you to kick against the goads.”
[6] So he, trembling and astonished, said, “Lord, what do You want me to do?”
Then the Lord said to him, “Arise and go into the city, and you will be told what you must do.”
[7] And the men who journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing a voice but seeing no one. [8] Then Saul arose from the ground, and when his eyes were opened he saw no one. But they led him by the hand and brought him into Damascus. [9] And he was three days without sight, and neither ate nor drank.
[10] Now there was a certain disciple at Damascus named Ananias; and to him the Lord said in a vision, “Ananias.”
And he said, “Here I am, Lord.”
[11] So the Lord said to him, “Arise and go to the street called Straight, and inquire at the house of Judas for one called Saulof Tarsus, for behold, he is praying. [12] And in a vision he has seen a man named Ananias coming in and putting his hand on him, so that he might receive his sight.”
[13] Then Ananias answered, “Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much harm he has done to Your saints in Jerusalem. [14] And here he has authority from the chief priests to bind all who call on Your name.”
[15] But the Lord said to him, “Go, for he is a chosen vessel of Mine to bear My name beforeGentiles,kings, and thechildren of Israel. [16] ForI will show him how many things he must suffer for Myname’s sake.”
[17] And Ananias went his way and entered the house; and laying his hands on him he said, “Brother Saul, the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on the road as you came, has sent me that you may receive your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit.” [18] Immediately there fell from his eyes something like scales, and he received his sight at once; and he arose and was baptized.
[19] So when he had received food, he was strengthened. Then Saul spent some days with the disciples at Damascus.
[20] Immediately he preached the Christ in the synagogues, that He is the Son of God.
[21] Then all who heard were amazed, and said, “Is this not he who destroyed those who called on this name in Jerusalem, and has come here for that purpose, so that he might bring them bound to the chief priests?”
[22] But Saul increased all the more in strength, and confounded the Jews who dwelt in Damascus, proving that this Jesus is the Christ.
Peter has introduced himself as an apostle of Jesus Christ and addressed believers scattered throughout various regions of Asia Minor. He opened with praise to God for the living hope believers have through Christ's resurrection and the inheritance reserved for them in heaven. Peter acknowledged that his readers may face various trials but encouraged them that these trials test and refine their faith, which is more precious than gold. He explained that the prophets of old searched intently regarding the salvation that would come, not fully understanding the timing or details of Christ's suffering and glory that the Spirit revealed to them. Peter emphasized that the gospel message his readers received was proclaimed by those who preached through the Holy Spirit sent from heaven, and even angels long to look into these things. Having established this foundation of their precious salvation and the privilege of understanding what prophets and angels could not fully grasp, Peter now prepares to exhort them toward holy living in response to God's grace.
[13] Therefore gird up the loins of your mind, be sober, and rest your hope fully upon the grace that is to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ; [14] as obedient children, not conforming yourselves to the former lusts, as in your ignorance; [15] but as He who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct, [16] because it is written, “Be holy, for I am holy.”
[17] And if you call on the Father, who without partiality judges according to each one’s work, conduct yourselves throughout the time of your stay here in fear; [18] knowing that you were not redeemed with corruptible things, like silver or gold, from your aimless conduct received by tradition from your fathers, [19] but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot. [20] He indeed was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you [21] who through Him believe in God, who raised Him from the dead and gave Him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God.
[22] Since you have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit in sincere love of the brethren, love one another fervently with a pure heart, [23] having been born again, not of corruptible seed but incorruptible, through the word of God which lives and abides forever, [24] because
“All flesh is as grass,
And all the glory of man as the flower of the grass.
The grass withers,
And its flower falls away,
[25] But the word of the Lord endures forever.”
Now this is the word which by the gospel was preached to you.